Digital Image Processing

a. What is digital image? Explain the fundamental steps of digital image proceng. Marks)

b. Explain the concept of sampling and quantization of an image.

c. Mention any four fields that use digital image processing.

C. A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud rate defined as the number of bits transmitted per second. Generally, transmission is accomplished in packets consisting of a start bit, a byte (8 bits) of information and a stop bit. Using these facts find how many minutes would it take to transmit a 2048x2048 image with 256 intensity levels using a 33.6 K baud modem?

b. Explain smoothing of images in frequency domain using ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian Low pass filter.

OR

(08 Marks)

Important Note: 1. On comp 2. Any reve

M With necessary graphs, explain the log and power law transformation used for spatial image enhancement.

res. View permissions

(05 Marks)

Define 2D DFT- with respect to 2D DFT of an image and state the following properties: (i) Translation (ii) Rotation (iii) Periodicity (iv) Convolution theorem. W.V

(05 Marks)

Explain image sharpening in spatial domain using second order Laplacian derivative.

(06 Marks)

5 a. With necessary equations and graph, explain any four noise probability density functions.

b. Explain minimum mean square error filtering method of restoring images.

(08 (08 Marks)

OR

6 a. Explain how image degradation is estimated using,

(1) Observation

(ii) Mathematical modeling.

b. Explain the order statistics filters used for restoring images in the presence of noise

Module-4

7 a Write the equations for converting colors from HSI to RGB.

b. Write H matrix for Haar transform for N = 4 and explain how it is constructed.

c. Explain the following morphological algorithms (ii) Thickening.

(i) Thinning

OR

8 a. What is Pseudo color image processing? Explain intensity slicing as applied to pseudo color image processing. urce

b. Explain Erosion and Dilation operations used for morphological processing.

e. Define wavelet function.

10 a. Explain the following boundary descriptors: (i) Shape numbers tureso

a. Explain Marr-Hildreth edge detector

(10 Marks) (06 Marks)

b. Write short note on Boundary segments.

(ii) Fourier descriptors.

a. Mention thematic bands in NASA's LANDSAT satellite, its wavelength and uses. (05 Marks)

c. Explain the process of image acquisition using single sensor with motion to generate a 2-D image.

(05 Marks)

2

b. Discuss the most commonly used distance measures in image processing. c. With the mathematical equation, explain the bicubic interpolation. vtures

(05)

5 a. What are the most commonly used probability density functions in image processing applications and explain it with the help of plot.

(08 Marks)

b. With the mathematical equations, discuss the minimum Mean Square Error Filtering.

(08 Marks)

OR

6 a. Explain the process of restoration in the presence of noise only using spatial filtering for various mean filters.

b. What are the three principal ways to estimate the degradation function for use in image restoration and explain it? urce

(08 Marks)

Module-4

7 a. Explain the process of generating RGB image.

b. Write the formulas used for converting RGB to HSI. Using these formula find the value of HSI for the given RGB = (0.683. 0.1608, 0.1922)

8 a. Draw the block diagram for converting gray level intensity to color transformation and explain it.

9 a. Explain image gradient and gradient operators for Edge detection.

Module-5

(08 Marks)

b. Discuss the process of region spliting and merging for region based segmentation. (08 Marks)

a. Write the steps to be followed for developing algorithm for a given binary region R and example it.

b. Mention the aberrations of Minimum Perimeter Polygons (MPP) algorithm and explain it.